1). Water transportation
Closest major ocean ports (post panama capable)
Other ports
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/essential/water-transport.htm
- 2005: there are navigable inland waterways especially in the four provinces of Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hunan and Sichuan.
- The largest five waterways: Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Qinhuai River; Yangtze River, Xijiang River as well as the Amur River (Heilongjiang) and Songhua River.
- 2006: There were over 150 coastal harbours and 23 major inland waterway ports like Zhangjiagang, Shenzhen, Zhanjiang, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Nanjing, Shanghai, Xiamen, Zhuhai, Huangpu and so on.
- “Shanghai (famous international shipping center) is the largest coastal harbor in China and the third-largest in the world, while Nanjing port, with the largest shipping capacity, is the largest among all the inland Chinese ports.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_China
- “China has more than 2,000 ports, 130 of which are open to foreign ships. The major ports, including river ports accessible by ocean-going ships, are Beihai,Dalian, Dandong, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Haikou, Hankou, Huangpu, Jiujiang, Lianyungang, Nanjing, Nantong, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Rizhao, Sanya,Shanghai, Shantou, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Weihai, Wenzhou, Xiamen, Xingang, Yangzhou, Yantai, and Zhanjiang.”
- “2003: these inland waterways carried nearly 1.6 trillion tons of freight and 6.3 trillion passenger/kilometers to more than 5,100 inland ports”
2). Land transportation
Railroad freight
Railroad passenger
Hiway and road network
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_China
- Rail is the major mode of transport
- China has the world's second largest rail network
- “2003: China’s railways carried 2.2 trillion tons of freight and 478.9 trillion passenger/kilometers.”
- “Foreign capital investment in the freight sector was allowed beginning in 2003, and international public stock offerings opened in 2006. In another move to better capitalize and reform the rail system, the Ministry of Railways established three public shareholder-owned companies in 2003: China Railways Container Transport Company, China Railway Special Cargo Service Company, and China Railways Parcel Express Company.”
- “The high speed service is mainly operated by China Railway High-speed. Lines capable for 300+ km/h running include:”
- Beijing–Tianjin Line, 117 km long
- Wuhan–Guangzhou Line, 968 km long
- Zhengzhou–Xi'an Line, 457 km long
- Shanghai–Nanjing Line, 301 km long
- Shanghai–Hangzhou Line, 160 km long
- Currently there are 12 rapid transit systems in mainland China.
- “Beijing Subway, which opened in 1969, currently has 15 lines, 218 stations and 372 km of subway track and will grow to about 1,000 km by 2020.”
- “The Tianjin Metro was begun in 1970 as a planned network of 153.9 km on seven lines, the current existing system contains 2 lines and 26.18 km of track with 22 stations.”
- “Shanghai Metro, which opened in 1995, as of end of 2010 has twelve lines, 233 stations, and 420 km of track in operation, making it the longest metro system in the world. Further expansion plans call for a network of 887 km of track.”
- “The Guangzhou Metro, which opened in 1997 has five lines (as of 2010), 144 stations and has 236 km with an additional 400 km planned to be completed by 2020”
- “The Shenzhen Metro opened in 2004, initially with two lines, 19 stations, and 21.8 km of track, after 2010 it had over 70 km, by June 2011 it has expanded to 177 km of operational metro.”
- Network of roads: (China National Highways) and expressways (Expressways of China).
- 2005: “China had a total road network of more than 3.3 million km, although approximately 1.47 million km of this network are classified as "village roads"
- “The highway and road systems carried nearly 11.6 billion tons of freight and 769.6 trillion passenger/kilometers in 2003.”
- “Highways and motor vehicles, which carry 13.5% of cargo and 49.1% of passengers”
3). Air transportation
International airports
Other airports
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/china-air-transport-and-airport-industry-report-2010-2011-124764858.html
- “China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and Air China International ranked top 3, with average monthly passenger traffic of 5,814,800, 4,926,500 and 4,350,700 and fleet scale of 422 aircrafts, 348 aircrafts and 393 aircrafts separately.”
- “China Southern Airlines: It has the most aircrafts and annual passenger traffic in China aviation industry. In 2010, its passenger traffic ranked first in Asia and third in the world.”
- “China Eastern Airlines: Coupled with the driving force of Shanghai World Expo, the transportation revenue gained by China Eastern Airlines in 2010 grew by 81.49% to RMB68.47 billion. However, in Q1 2011, the transportation revenue only grew by 16.63% year on year.”
- “Air China International: It has the most assets and traffic in China aviation industry. In 2010, it achieved net profit of RMB12.208 billion, up 142.75% year on year; in Q1 2011, it achieved net profit of RMB1.671 billion, down 23.04% year on year.”
- “The passenger throughput reached 564,312,000, up 16.1%, cargo and mail throughput was 11.29 million tons, up 19.4%”
- “Chinese airports are divided into three categories: first, three hub airports, including Beijing Capital International Airport, Shanghai Pudong Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun Airport; second, 17 major airports in Chengdu, Kunming, Xi'an, Urumqi, Wuhan and other cities; third, other types of airports.”
- “In 2010, the number of airports in China increased. The passenger throughput of three hub airports accounted for 27.6% of the total throughput, declining slightly. The passenger throughput of Beijing Capital International Airport accounted for the highest 13.1%, while Guangzhou Baiyun Airport 7.3 % and Shanghai Pudong Airport 7.2%.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_China
- “In 2007 China has 467 airports. Of China's major airports, Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK), located 27 km northeast of central Beijing, has the greatest flow of passengers annually.”
- “Other major airports are located at Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Hangzhou, Harbin, Hohhot, Kunming, Qingdao, Shenyang, Tianjin, Urumqi, Xiamen, and Xi’an.”
Overall China is such a big country that its economy is growly quickly. With its hiway and road system, waterway, air transportation and ports, China can transport goods and passage easily. Also due to globalization, China has been able to ship things at a low price to different destinations and increase their exports to increase their GDP. It is an amazing how much airports and how much ports China have as a big country. I was shocked to find out that how many ways there is to transport goods. Until doing this research I also found that transportation is very important and a big part of the economy because distributing goods and trading is a part of the national income (GDP) and also it allows other countries to have goods that the other country have. For example most of our goods in the US are made in China or come from China and this allows us as customers to have the same or similar goods that Chinese people have in their country.
Work Cited:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_China
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/china-air-transport-and-airport-industry-report-2010-2011-124764858.html
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/china-air-transport-and-airport-industry-report-2010-2011-124764858.html
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